Effect of Agricultural Matrices on the Biodiversity Metrics of Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila): A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v72i3.11410Keywords:
biodiversity conservation, biodiversity-friendly matrices, cropland, pollinators, species lossAbstract
Agriculture has been globally responsible for biodiversity decay. Since bees are key pollinators, their diversity reduction can affect biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. Although agricultural matrices have been reported as pervasive to bees, these effects are not always consistent and may vary according to evaluated parameters. To fill this gap, we conducted a global review of studies that compared bee abundance and/or species richness between agricultural and native habitats. In addition to describing the overall pattern observed in the studies (n = 32), we also conducted a meta-analysis with a subset of data (14 studies and 38 comparisons). We calculated the effect size from the standardized mean difference among agriculture-native habitats in the meta-analysis. We considered moderators that may influence this effect, including response type, flowering type, crop life cycle, and region. Based on the review, which mainly included studies conducted in the neotropical region, we identified that half of the studies (50%) concluded that agricultural matrices negatively affect biodiversity metrics of bees. In comparison, only five (15.6%) and eight studies (25%) observed a positive and neutral effect, respectively. Three studies (9.4%) observed a varied effect (positive or negative), depending on the type of response assessed (richness or abundance) or the management intensity (as such, cocoa agroforests with low or high diversity of native shade trees). Additionally, meta-analysis supports this finding by revealing an overall negative effect, especially for abundance. Negative effects were consistent for non-mass-flowering crops, perennial crops, and temperate regions. We thus recommend that agricultural landscapes across the globe should maintain native habitats to ensure high bee diversity and potentially contribute to the delivery of ecosystem services.
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