The Enigma of Dark Matter in the Universe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/sscf.v21i.11643Keywords:
Dark Matter, Primordial Black Holes, Phase TransitionsAbstract
The nature of dark matter is one of the principal open
questions in modern cosmology. According to the standard cosmological model \LambdaCDM, the interpretation of observational data indicate that 29% of the energy density of the universe is due to matter, but only 1/6 of this amount is baryonic matter. As candidates of non baryonic dark matter have been proposed various hypothetical elementary particles, but none has been detected so far. However, recent observations of gravitational waves, of microlensing and of the James Webb space telescope may indicate a new direction towards a solution of the enigma of the nature of dark matter. Phase transitions in the primordial universe result in a sudden decrease of the pressure of relativistic matter permitting gravitational collapse of pre-existing density fluctuations. Four phase transitions are considered, the decoupling of W and Z bosons, two quark-hadron transitions and the electron-positron annihilation. The decrease in the pressure of relativistic matter results in the formation of primordial black holes with typical masses of 10^{-5} M_{\odot}, 1 M_{\odot}, 30 M_{\odot} and 10^6 M_{\odot}. According to this scenario, the total quantity of dark matter could be due to primordial black holes.
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