Cárie e má oclusão na infância: prevalência e fatores associados do contexto familiar
Caries and malocclusion in childhood: prevalence and associated factors in the family contexto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/rscdauefs.v14i2.10466Keywords:
Quality of life, Oral health, Dental caries, Malocclusion, PreschoolersAbstract
Introduction: Maintaining children’s oral health is essential for the child’s adequate development, which in turn depends on family care for their growth. Objective: To describe and analyze the impact of family context (socioeconomic and behavioral aspects) and maternal quality of life on the occurrence of tooth decay and malocclusion. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with secondary data. The population was 528 children (18 to 71 months) living in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in four health districts of Salvador, Bahia. Dental caries was assessed using dmft, while malocclusion was identified according to the Malocclusion Index (WHO) criteria and some clinical criteria, such as the presence of
an anterior open bite. Data processing was performed in Excel and descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis was performed in STATA. Results: It was observed that the prevalence of dental caries was 16.48% and the dmft was 0.62. The prevalence of malocclusion was 27.46%. Among the types of malocclusion, anterior open bite was the most predominant, affecting 132 children (25%). The following covariates were positively associated with caries: age,
skin color, maternal education and the fact that the child does not live with their mother, prolonged breastfeeding time, maternal physical pain as a complicating factor in daily life and the need for treatment mother’s doctor (p < 0.05). The following were associated with malocclusion: reduced breastfeeding time, sucking habit, lack of meaning in the mother’s life, insufficient energy for the mother’s
daily life and lack of maternal training for work (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Caries and malocclusion in childhood are still common problems in Salvador, Bahia, and are associated with material and subjective aspects of the family context. Public policies aimed at reducing the negative effects caused by socioeconomic and demographic disparities present in society are essential to reduce the prevalence of these diseases.
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