Impacto das inundações no Rio Grande do Sul de maio de 2024 no perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leptospirose e: um estudo ecológico
Impact of the May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul on the epidemiological profile of leptospirosis cases: an ecological study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/rscdauefs.v15i3.11977Keywords:
Epidemiology, Infectology, Natural Disasters, Public Health, LeptospirosisAbstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of leptospirosis during the floods in May 2024 in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to perform a temporal analysis over 12 months. Methods: This is an ecological study carried out based on secondary data available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN - DATASUS), addressing sociodemographic, clinical, and temporal variables. Results: 265 confirmed cases were identified in this period. The Metropolitan Macroregion concentrated the highest percentage of cases with 56.6%, followed by the Valleys with 23.3%. Men, white, aged 40 to 59, and with low education represented a high-risk group. Most infections occurred in urban areas (64.9%), and clinical-laboratory criteria confirmed the highest number of cases (63%). The temporal analysis showed that, from July 2023 to June 2024, 828 cases of leptospirosis were registered in the state. It were registered 66.1%, in the first half of 2024, with the peak incidence of 265 cases in May, the month of the flood. Conclusion: The study identified a direct association between extreme weather events and the increase in leptospirosis, highlighting the relevance of preventive measures, such as improvements in basic sanitation, awareness programs, and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance. Finally, a specific portion of the population of Rio Grande do Sul is more associated with confirmed cases of leptospirosis during the flood, presenting a greater vulnerability of these individuals.
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