Prevalência de má oclusão em pré-escolares e fatores associados
Prevalence of malocclusion and risk factors associated in preschool children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/rscdauefs.v13i1.8383Keywords:
Malocclusion, Prevalence, Prescholars, ChildrenAbstract
Introduction: Malocclusion is an anomaly in the development of teeth and/or dental arches that can cause aesthetic discomfort, functional disorders and disabilities. objective: To know the prevalence of malocclusion, as well as potential risk factors in children up to five years of age who are assisted in Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education (CMEI) in two Sanitary Districts of Salvador-Bahia. Materials and methods: Integrating a longitudinal research, a cross-sectional study was carried out, analyzing 1,048 children enrolled in day care centers in two Sanitary Districts in Salvador, Bahia. In the clinical examination, the presence or absence of malocclusion and according to the following conditions were evaluated: open bite, unilateral crossbite and bilateral crossbite. A questionnaire was used to obtain socioeconomic and demographic data on general health and behavioral aspects. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 14.12%, with open bite 12.40%, unilateral crossbite 1.15% and bilateral crossbite 0.76%. The variables that showed a positive and statistically significant association with malocclusion were: artificial breastfeeding, period of artificial breastfeeding for more than 24 months, presence of sucking habits, digital sucking, use of conventional pacifier, use of orthodontic pacifier and prolonged time of use. sucking habit. A positive and statistically significant association also occurred with open bite and exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months, artificial breastfeeding, artificial breastfeeding for more than 24 months and the presence of sucking habits. Conclusion and recommendations: The presence of deleterious habits such as finger sucking, use of conventional pacifiers, orthodontic pacifiers and bottle feeding are possible risk factors for malocclusion. There was a positive association between open bite and the presence of sucking habits and artificial breastfeeding. It is expected to beable to contribute towards implementing preventive measures, identifying and reducing deleterious oral habits, in addition to other factors that may interfere with the occurrence of malocclusion.
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