Lichtenstein’s green racer, Philodryas olfersii (Squamata: Dipsadidae), preying on a black rat, Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae), in a rural area of Brazil's semiarid region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/scb12659Abstract
We report a predation event by the South American dipsadid Philodryas olfersii on Rattus rattus in a rural area of Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. The snake was observed on the ground in a residential backyard, coiling approximately two loops around the rodent's thorax and abdomen and constricting it tightly for 3–5 min. Ingestion began 6–9 min after prey capture, with the snake swallowing the rat headfirst and completing ingestion within 15–22 min. This report expands the known diet of P. olfersii to include a prey item not previously documented in the literature and highlights the species’ potential role in controlling small mammals, particularly invasive rodents.
Downloads
References
Ávila, R.W. & Ferreira, V.L. 2007. Philodryas olfersii. Natural history. Herpetological Review 38: 91-92.
Aximoff, I.; Carvalho, S. & Rajão, H. 2016. Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein's green racer). Diet. Herpetological Review 47: 152.
Babolin, L.S.; Almeida-Silva, M.J.F.; Potenza, M.R.; Fava, C.D.; Castro, V.; Harakava, R.; Okuda, L.H.; Rebouças, M.M. & Campos, A.E.C. 2016. Zoonosis associated to Rattus rattus and the impacts of the public actions to control the species. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 83: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000832014
Banks, P.B. & Hughes, N.K. 2012. A review of the evidence for potential impacts of black rats (Rattus rattus) on wildlife and humans in Australia. Wildlife Research 39: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR11086
Barros, M.A.S.; Pinto, L.C.; Pfau, R.O.; Kislowski, F.F. & Freire, M. D. 2015. Philodryas olfersii (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) feeding on bats in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 13: 231-236.
Brazil, T.K. & Lira-da-Silva, R.M. 2010. Animais peçonhentos. In: T.K. Brazil (ed.), Catálogo da Fauna Terrestre de Importância Médica na Bahia. EDUFBA, Salvador, p. 23-99. https://doi.org/10.7476/9788523211660.0003
Caut, S.; Angulo, E. & Courchamp, F. 2008. Dietary shift of an invasive predator: rats, seabirds and sea turtles. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01438.x
Clapperton, B.K.; Maddigan, F.; Chinn, W. & Murphy, E.C. 2019. Diet, population structure and breeding of Rattus rattus L. in South Island beech forest. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 43: 3370. https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.43.22
Copson, G.R. 1986. The diet of the introduced rodents Mus musculus L. and Rattus rattus L. on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Australian Wildlife Research 13: 441-445. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9860441
Farias-de-França, A.P.; Assunção, J.C.P. & Oshima-Franco, Y. 2022. Philodryas olfersii: state of the art. International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine 15: 28-30. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijcam.2022.15.00586
Ferreira, G.N.; Abreu, L.M.; Belufi, P.R.; Silveira, T.B.; Ferreira, G.N. & Ribeiro, M.V. 2022a. Nest predation of Sporophila nigricollis (Thraupidae: Sporophilinae) by Philodryas olfersii (Serpentes: Colubridae) in the Brazilian Cerrado. Herpetology Notes 15: 249-251.
Ferreira, G.S.V.; Nascimento, E.F. & Garey, M.V. 2022b. Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein's Green Racer). Diet. Herpetological Review 53: 346.
FUNASA 2002. Manual de Controle de Roedores. Ministério da Saúde/Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Brasília.
FUNCEME 2014. Brunos Não Cálcicos. Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos, Fortaleza. Available at http://www.funceme.br/?p=1012; accessed on 7 September 2025.
Gariglio, M.A.; Sampaio, E.V.S.B.; Cestaro, L.A. & Kageyama, P.Y. 2010. Uso Sustentável e Conservação dos Recursos Florestais da Caatinga. Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Brasília.
Gatto-Almeida, F.; Pichlmueller, F.; Micheletti, T.; Abrahão, C.R.; Mangini, P.R. & Russell, J.C. 2020. Using genetics to plan black rat (Rattus rattus) management in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 18: 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2020.01.001
Higgins, T.W.; Bridges, A.S. & Sanchez, J.N. 2015. Spatial ecology of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) on San Clemente Island, California. The Southwestern Naturalist 60: 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1894/SWNAT-D-14-00020.1
IPECE (Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia Econômica do Ceará) 2012. Perfil Básico. Governo do Estado do Ceará/Secretaria do Planejamento e Gestão, Fortaleza.
Lauvers, W.D.; Koski, D.A. & Monico, A.T. 2016. Natural history notes. Philodryas olfersii (Cobra-cipó; Lichtenstein's Green Racer). Diet. Herpetological Review 47: 687-687.
Leal, I.R.; Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J.M.C. 2005. Ecologia e Conservação da Caatinga. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife.
Lima, S.F.B.; Protázio, A.S.; Alves-Júnior, F.A. & Abreu, E.C.T. 2025. Lichtenstein's Green Racer, Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823), preying on a Brazilian Lizard, Phyllopezus pollicaris (Spix, 1825), in an urban environment of Brazil's semiarid region. Herpetology Notes 18: 735-737.
Mesquita, P.C.M.D.; Borges-Nojosa, D.M.; Passos, D.C. & Bezerra, C.H. 2011. Ecology of Philodryas nattereri in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Herpetological Journal 21: 193-198.
Mesquita, P.C.M.D.; Passos, D.C.; Borges-Nojosa, D.M. & Cechin, S.Z. 2013. Ecologia e história natural das serpentes de uma área de Caatinga no nordeste brasileiro. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 53: 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492013000800001
Nascimento, A.T.C.; Valencia-Zuleta, A.; Junqueira, M.L.; Maciel, N.M.; Ferreira, G.N. & Ribeiro, M.V. 2020. Predation event of Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Squamata: Dipsadidae) on Boana lundii (Burmeister, 1856) (Amphibia: Hylidae). Herpetology Notes 13: 639-640.
Pisanu, B.; Caut, S.; Gutjahr, S.; Vernon, P. & Chapuis, J.-L. 2011. Introduced black rats Rattus rattus on Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet, Subantarctic): diet and trophic position in food webs. Polar Biology 34: 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0867-z
Pomeda-Gutiérrez, F.; Medina, F.M.; Nogales, M. & Vargas, P. 2021. Diet of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in a Canary laurel forest: species identification based on morphological markers and DNA sequences. Journal of Natural History 55: 629-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1915400
Sales, R.F.D.; Sousa, J.D.; Lisboa, C.M.C.A.; Marinho, P.H.; Freire, E.M.X. & Kokubum, M.N.C. 2020. New dietary records and geographic variation in the diet composition of the snake Philodryas nattereri in Brazil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 34: 285-293. https://doi.org/10.31017/CdH.2020.(2020-015)
Sazima, I. & Haddad, C.F.B. 1992. Répteis da Serra do Japi: notas sobre história natural. In: L.P.C. Morellato (ed.), História Natural da Serra do Japi: ecologia e preservação de uma área florestal no sudeste do Brasil. Universidade de Campinas, Campinas.
Shiels, A.B.; Flores, C.A.; Khamsing, A.; Krushelnycky, P.D.; Mosher, S.M. & Drake, D.R. 2013. Dietary niche differentiation among three species of invasive rodents (Rattus rattus, R. exulans, Mus musculus). Biological Invasions 15: 1037-1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0348-0
Shiels, A.B.; Pitt, W.C.; Sugihara, R.T. & Witmer, G.W. 2014. Biology and impacts of Pacific Island invasive species. 11. Rattus rattus, the black rat (Rodentia: Muridae). Pacific Science 68: 145-184. https://doi.org/10.2984/68.2.1
Taillie, P.J.; Boone, W.W.; Wilson-Seelig, A.L. & McCleery, R. 2024. Diet comparison suggests limited competition between invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) and sympatric endangered rodents. NeoBiota 94: 145-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.94.121287
Vitt, L.J. & Vangilder, L.D. 1983. Ecology of a snake community in northeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 4: 273-296. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853883X00148
Willacy, R.; Flakus, S.; McDonald-Madden, E. & Legge, S. 2023. Investigating the impact of black rats (Rattus rattus) on the endemic and threatened avifauna of Christmas Island. Wildlife Research 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22068
Winck, G.R.; Dantas, L.F.; Almeida-Santos, M.; Telles, F.B.S.; Magalhães, L.; Pereira, M. R. & Rocha, C.F.D. 2012. Natural history notes. Philodryas olfersii. Diet. Herpetological Review 43: 152.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas (SCB) is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.