Variation in Chemical Composition of Cuticular and Nonpolar Compounds of Venom of Apoica pallens and Polistes versicolor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3503Keywords:
Chemical signature, cuticular hydrocarbons, GC-MS, poison, social insect, wasp.Abstract
Although cuticular hydrocarbons and venom are important to the evolutionary success of social behavior, studies that investigated these compounds in tropical social wasps are rare. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the cuticular chemical composition and the nonpolar portion of venom of Apoica pallens, a swarm-founding wasp and Polistes versicolor an independent-founding wasp. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique was used. In the samples of A. pallens, 66 compounds were identified on the cuticle and 87 in venom, 13 are unique of the cuticle and 26 of venom. In the samples of P. versicolor, 85 compounds were identified on the cuticle and 60 in venom, 10 are exclusive of the cuticle and 5 of venom. The results show that, although they present different foundation types and organize in colonies with significantly different population number, the variation in chain length of compounds is relatively similar. In addition, in both types of samples of both species, the most representative class of compounds in content and number are the branched alkanes, which are recognized as the most effective during interactions between nestmates. However, there is greater similarity in content of shared compounds between samples of cuticle and venom of A. pallens, suggesting that because it is a species that is organized in more populous colonies, it may have a more elaborate signaling system based on volatile compounds of venom.
Downloads
References
Abdalla, F. C., Jones, G.R., Morgan, E.D. & Cruz-Landim, C. (2003). Comparative study of the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of Melipona bicolor Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) workers and queens. Genetics and Molecular Research, 2: 191-199.
Antonialli-Junior, W.F., Lima, S.M., Andrade, L.H.C. & Súarez, Y.R. (2007). Comparative study of the cuticular hydrocarbon in queens, workers and males of Ectatomma vizotti (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by Fourier transform-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. Genetics and Molecular Research, 6: 492-499.
Antonialli-Junior, W.F., Súarez, Y.R., Izida, T., Andrade, L.H.C., & Lima, S.M. (2008). Intra-and interspecific variation of cuticular hydrocarbon composition in two Ectatomma species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. Genetics and Molecular Research, 7: 559-566.
Armold, M.T. & Regnier, F.E. (1975). A developmental study of the cuticular hydrocarbons of Sarcophaga bullata. Journal of Insect Physiology, 21: 1827–1833. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(75)90249-8
Bello, J.E., McElfresh, J.S. & Millar, J.G. (2015). Isolation and determination of absolute configurations of insect-produced methyl-branched hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America, 112: 1077-1082. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1417605112
Biseau, J.C., Passera, L., Daloze, D. & Aron, S. (2004). Ovarian activity correlates with extreme changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profile in the highly polygynous ant Linepithema humile. Journal of Insect Physiology, 50: 585-593.
Blomquist, G. & Bagnères, A. G. (2010). Insect hydrocarbons: biology, biochemistry and chemical ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 506 p
Bonavita-Cougourdan, A., Theraulaz, G., Bagnères, A.G., Roux, M., Pratte, M., Provost, E. & Clément, J.L. (1991). Cuticular hydrocarbons. social organization and ovarian development in a polistine wasp: Polistes dominulus Christ. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B, 100: 667-680.
Bonelli, M.E., Lorenzi, M.C., Christidès, J.P., Dupont, S. & Bagnères, A-G. (2015). Population diversity in cuticular hydrocarbons and mtDNA in a mountain social wasp. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 41: 22-31. doi: 10.1007/s10886-014-0531-0
Brito, J.H.S., Montagna, T.S., Maia, F.S., Antonialli-Junior, W.F. & Cardoso, C.A.L. (2015). Cuticular signature in the development of Polistes versicolor. Genetics and Molecular Research, 14: 12520-12528.
Brown, W.V., Spradbery, J.P. & Lacey, M.J. (1991). Changes in the cuticular hydrocarbon composition during development of the social wasp Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - part B, 99: 553-562.
Bruschini, C., Cervo, R. & Turillazzi, S. (2006a). Evidence of alarm pheromones in the venom of Polistes dominulus workers (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Physiological Entomology, 31: 286-293.
Bruschini, C., Dani, F. R., Pieraccini, G., Guarna, F. & Turillazzi, S. (2006b). Volatiles from the venom of five species of paper wasps (Polistes dominulus, P. gallicus, P. nimphus, P. sulcifer and P. olivaceus). Toxicon, 47: 812-825. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.03.002.
Bruschini, C., Cervo, R., Protti, I. & Turillazzi, S. (2008). Caste differences in venom volatiles and their effect on alarm behaviour in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Christ). Journal of Experimental Biology, 211: 2442-2449.
Costanzi, E., Bagnères, A.G. & Lorenzi, M.C. (2013). Changes in the hydrocarbon proportions of colony odor and their consequences on nestmate recognition in social wasps. Plos One, 8: e65107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065107.
Cotoneschi, C., Dani, F.R., Cervo, R., Scala, C., Strassmann, J.E., Queller, D.C., & Turillazzi, S. (2009). Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) larvae show different cuticular patterns according to their sex: workers seem not use this chemical information. Chemical Senses, 34: 195-202. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjn079
Cuvillier-Hot, V., Cobb, M., Malosse, C. & Peeters, C. (2001). Sex age and ovarian activity affect cuticular hydrocarbons in Diacamma ceylonense, a queenless ant. Journal of Insect Physiology, 47: 485-493.
Dani, F. R., Morgan, E. D., & Turillazzi, S. (1996). Dufour gland secretion of Polistes wasp: chemical composition and possible involvement in nestmate recognition (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 42: 541-548. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(95)00136-0
Dani, F.R., Jeanne, R.L., Clarke, S.R., Jones, G.R., Morgan, E.D., Francke, W. & Turillazzi, S. (2000). Chemical characterization of the alarm pheromone in the venom of Polybia occidentalis and of volatiles from the venom of P. sericea. Physiological Entomology, 25: 363-369.
Dapporto, L., Sledge, F.M. & Turillazzi, S. (2005). Dynamics of cuticular chemical profiles of Polistes dominulus workers in orphaned nests (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 51: 969-973.
Dapporto, L., Theodora, P., Spacchini, C., Pieraccini, G., & Turillazzi, S. (2004). Rank and epicuticular hydrocarbons in different populations of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Insectes Sociaux, 51: 279-286. doi:10.1007/s00040-004-0738-0
Dapporto, L., Cini, A., Palagi, E., Morelli, M., Simonti, A. & Turillazzi, S. (2007). Behaviour and chemical signature of pre-hibernating females of Polistes dominulus infected by the strepsipteran Xenos vesparum. Parasitology, 134: 545-552.
Devigne, C. & Biseau, J.C. (2012). The differential response of workers and queens of the ant Lasius niger to an environment marked by workers: Ants dislike the unknown. Behavioural Processes, 91: 275-281. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.09.008.
Espelie, K.E., Gamboa, G.J., Grudzien, T.A. & Bura, E.A. (2007). Cuticular hydrocarbons of the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus: a search for recognition pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20: 1677-1687. doi: 10.1007/BF02059889.
Ferreira, A.C., Cardoso, C.A.L., Neves, E.F., Súarez, Y.R. & Antonialli-Junior, W.F. (2012). Distinct linear hydrocarbon profiles and chemical strategy of facultative parasitism among Mischocyttarus wasps. Genetics and Molecular Research, 11: 4351-4359.
Ferreira-Caliman, M.J.; Falcón, T., Mateus, S., Zucchi, R. & Nascimento, F.S. (2013). Chemical identity of recently emerged workers males and queens in the stingless bee Melipona marginata. Apidologie, 44: 657-665. doi: 10.1007/s13592-013-0214-9.
Gibbs, A.G. (1998). Water-proofing properties of cuticular lipids. American Zoologist, 38: 471–482. doi:10.1093/icb/38.3.471
Gibbs, A.G. (2002). Lipid melting and cuticular permeability: New insights into an old problem. Journal of Insect Physiology, 48: 391–400. doi:10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00059-8
Howard, R.W., Pérez-Lachaud, G. & Lachaud, J. P. (2001). Cuticular hydrocarbons of Kapala sulcifacies (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) and its host the ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94: 707-716.
Ishay, I., Ikan, R. & Bergmann, E.D. (1965). The presence of pheromones in the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis F. Journal of Insect Physiology, 11: 1307-1309.
Jeanne, R.L. (1981). Alarm recruitment attack behavior and the role of the alarm pheromone in Polybia occidentalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 9: 143-148.
Jeanne, R.L. (1982). Evidence for an alarm substance in Polistes canadensis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 38: 329-330.
Khidr, S.K., Linforth, R.S. & Hardy, I.C. (2013). Genetic and environmental influences on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Goniozus wasps. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 147: 175-185. doi: 10.1111/eea.12058.
Kudô, K., Komatsu, K., Mateus, S., Zucchi, R. & Nascimento, F.S. (2014). Presence of Strepsiptera parasites in the independent-founding wasp, Polistes satan. Sociobiology, 61: 237-238.
Kudô, K., Oliveira, L.A., Mateus, S., Zucchi, R. & Nascimento, F.S. (2017). Nestmate larval discrimination by workers in the swarm-founding wasp Polybia paulista. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 29: 170-180. doi: 10.1080/03949370.2015.1129363.
LeConte, Y. & Hefetz, A. (2008). Primer pheromones in social Hymenoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 53: 523–542. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091434
Lockey, K.H. (1988). Lipids of the insect cuticle: origin composition and function. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B, 89: 595-645. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90305-7
Lommelen, E., Johnson, C. A., Drijfhout, F. P., Billen, J., Wenseleers, T., Gobin, B. (2006). Cuticular hydrocarbons provide reliable cues of fertility in the ant Gnamptogenys striatula. Journal Chemical Ecology, 32: 2023–2034. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9126-8
Lorenzi, M.C., Sledge, M.F., Laiolo, P., Sturlini, E. & Turillazzi, S. (2004). Cuticular hydrocarbon dynamics in young adult Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the role of linear hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition systems. Journal of Insect Physiology, 50: 935-941. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.07.005
Lorenzi, M.C., Azzani, L., & Bagnéres, A.G. (2014). Evolutionary consequences of deception: Complexity and informational content of colony signature are favored by social parasitism. Current zoology, 60: 137-148. doi:10.1093/czoolo/60.1.137
Mateus. S. (2011). Observations on forced colony emigration in Parachartergus fraternus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New nest site marked with sprayed venom. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (Cambridge), 1-8.
Menzel, F., Blaimer, B.B. & Schmitt, T. (2017). How do cuticular hydrocarbons evolve? Physiological constraints and climatic and biotic selection pressures act on a complex functional trait. Proceedings Biological Science, 284: 20161727. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1727.
Moore, H.E.; Adam, C.D. & Drijfhout, F.P. (2014). Identifying 1st instar larvae for three forensically important blowfly species using “fingerprint” cuticular hydrocarbon analysis. Forensic Science International, 240: 48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.002.
Murakami, A.S.N., Nunes, T.M., Desuó, I.C., Shima, S.N. & Mateus, S. (2015). The cuticular hydrocarbons profiles in the colonial recognition of the neotropical eusocial wasp Mischocyttarus cassununga (Hymenoptera. Vespidae). Sociobiology, 62: 109-115. doi: 10.13102/sociobiology.v62i1.109-115.
Neves, E.F., Andrade, L.H.C., Súarez, Y.R., Lima, S.M. & Antonialli-Junior, W.F. (2012). Age-related changes in the surface pheromones of the wasp Mischocyttarus consimilis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Genetics and Molecular Research, 11: 1891-1898. doi: doi.org/10.4238/2012.July.19.8.
Nunes, T.M., Turatti, I.C.C., Mateus, S., Nascimento, F.S., Lopes, N.P. & Zucchi, R. (2009). Cuticular hydrocarbons in the stingless bee Schwarziana quadripunctata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): differences between colonies castes and age. Genetics and Molecular Research, 8: 589-595.
Panek, L.M. & Gamboa, G.J. (2000). Queens of the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) discriminate among larvae on the basis of relatedness. Ethology, 106: 159-170.
Paula, M. C., Michelutti, K. B., Eulalio, A. D. M. M., Piva, R. C., Cardoso, C. A. L. & Antonialli-Junior, W. F. (2018). New method for estimating the post-mortem interval using the chemical composition of different generations of empty puparia: Indoor cases. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209776
Post, D.C. & Jeanne, R.L. (1984). Venom as an interspecific sex pheromone and species recognition by a cuticular pheromone in paper wasps (Polistes. Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Physiological Entomology, 9: 65-75.
Provost, E., Blight, O., Tirard, A. & Renucci, M. (2008). Hydrocarbons and insects’ social physiology. In Maes, R.P. (Eds.), Insect Physiology: new research (pp. 19-72). Nova Science Publishers: New York.
Richards, O.W. (1971). The biology of the social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Biological Reviews, 46: 483–528.
Richards, O.W. (1978). The social wasps of America excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History): London, 580 p
Santos, A.B. & Nascimento, F.S. (2015). Cuticular hydrocarbons of orchid bees males: interspecific and chemotaxonomy variation. PloS one, 10: e0145070. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145070.
Schremmer, F. (1972). Beobachtungen zur biologie von Apoica pallida (Olivier. 1791). Einer Neotropischen Sozialen Faltenwespe (Hymenoptera. Vespidae). Insectes Sociaux, 19: 343-357.
Silva, E.R.S, Michelutti, K.B., Antonialli-Junior, W.F., Batistote, M. & Cardoso, C.A.L. (2016). Chemical signatures in the developmental stages of Protopolybia exigua. Genetics and Molecular Research, 15: 1-12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15017586.
Sledge, M.F., Dani, F.R., Fortunato, A., Maschwitz, U., Clarke, S.R., Francescato, E. & Turillazzi, S. (1999). Venom induces alarm behaviour in the social wasp Polybioides raphigastra (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): an investigation of alarm behavior, venom volatiles and sting autotomy. Physiological Entomology, 24: 234-239. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3032.1999.00137.x.
Soares, E.R.P., Batista, N.R., Silva, R.S., Torres, V.O., Cardoso, C.A.L., Nascimento, F.S. & Antonialli-Junior, W.F. (2017). Variation of cuticular chemical compounds in three species of Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) eusocial wasps. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 61: 224-231. doi: ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.05.001.
Tannure-Nascimento, I.C., Nascimento, F.S., Turatti, I.C, Lopes, N.P., Trigo, J.R. & Zucchi, R. (2007). Colony membership is reflected by variations in cuticular hydrocarbon profile in a Neotropical paper wasp, Polistes satan (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Genetics and Molecular Research, 6: 390–396.
Torres, V.O, Soares, E.R.P., Lima, L.D., Lima, S.M., Andrade, L.H.C. & Antonialli-Junior, W.F. (2016). Morphophysiological and cuticular chemical alterations caused by Xenos entomophagus endoparasites in the social wasp Polistes ferreri (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Parasitology, 143:1939-1944. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016001529
Van den Dool, H. & Kratz, P.D. (1963). A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 11: 463-471.
Van Oystaeyen, A., Oliveira, R.C., Holman, L., Van Zweden, J.S., Romero, C.O.C.A. & Millar, J.G. (2014). Conserved class of queen pheromones stops social insect workers from reproducing. Science, 343: 287-290. doi: 10.1126/science.1244899.
Weiss, K., Parzefall, C. & Herzner, G. (2014). Multifaceted defense against antagonistic microbes in developing offspring of the parasitoid wasp Ampulex compressa (Hymenoptera. Ampulicidae). PloS one, 9: e98784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098784.
West-Eberhard, M.J. (1973). Monogyny in “polygynous” social wasps. Proc. 7th Cong. I.U.S.S.I. London, pp. 396–403
Zhu, G.H., Ye, G.Y., Hu, C., Xu, X.H. & Li, K. (2006). Development changes of cuticular hydrocarbons in Chrysomya rufifacies larvae: potential for determining larval age. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 20: 438-444.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Sociobiology is a diamond open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
eISSN 2447-8067
