Nesting Biology, Sexual Dimorphism, and Populational Morphometric Variation in Podium denticulatum F. Smith, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Authors

  • Luci Shibata Federal University of São Carlos
  • Mariana Marchi Santoni Federal University of São Carlos
  • Vinicius de Oliveira Silva Federal University of São Carlos
  • Marco Antonio Del Lama University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-8953

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i4.5785

Keywords:

geometric morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, sex ratio, trap-nests, solitary wasps

Abstract

Podium denticulatum occurs from Mexico to southern Brazil, including northeastern Argentina. Females use pre-existing cavities to build nests, consisting of cells separated by walls of mud and resin and massively provisioned with paralyzed cockroaches. Trap nests were disposed in three localities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Araras, São Carlos, Rifaina), resulting in the collection of 201 nests from December/2003 to June/2007. The founding nests were brought to the laboratory, opened and the pupae transferred to identified vials until the emergence of the adults, when they were then weighed, sexed and stored at -20ºC. The nesting activity was seasonal, with a higher number of nests in the warm and rainy season of the year. The number of constructed cells ranged from one to nine per nest. The emergence rate of adults in the 716 brood cells was 74%, with homogeneous distribution of mortality by egg, larva and pupa stages. This mortality was partly due to parasitism observed in 39% of nests, predominantly by Melittobia sp. and rarely by Diptera (Tachinidae). A 1:1 sex ratio was observed among the newly emerged adults of each locality analyzed. Strong sexual dimorphism was characterized by linear measurements of wings and body mass, with females and males showing a mass between 27-116 mg and 14-70 mg, respectively. The geometric morphometry confirmed this dimorphism and revealed significant variation of wing size and shape among individuals of the analyzed populations, a result that deserves subsequent studies to point out the factors that account for this differentiation.

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Author Biographies

Luci Shibata, Federal University of São Carlos

Genetics and Evolution Department

Mariana Marchi Santoni, Federal University of São Carlos

Genetics and Evolution Department

Vinicius de Oliveira Silva, Federal University of São Carlos

Genetics and Evolution Department

Marco Antonio Del Lama, University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil

Department of Genetics and Evolution

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Published

2020-12-28

How to Cite

Shibata, L., Santoni, M. M., Silva, V. de O., & Del Lama, M. A. (2020). Nesting Biology, Sexual Dimorphism, and Populational Morphometric Variation in Podium denticulatum F. Smith, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Sociobiology, 67(4), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i4.5785

Issue

Vol. 67 No. 4 (2020)

Section

Research Article - Wasps

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