Analysis of the entomological survey in Sergipe: types of breeding sites and the distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Abstract

Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are primary vectors of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, with Aedes aegypti being the main transmitting species in Brazil. This study analyzed infestation indices and types of breeding sites in the state of Sergipe in 2024, using data from the Rapid Survey of Aedes aegypti Infestation Indices (LIRAa/LIA) and ovitraps. The results showed an increase in the state’s average Building Infestation Index (BII) from 1.6% at the beginning of the year to 2.1% in the third cycle, indicating an alert status. Ten municipalities were classified as high-risk in the third bimester, with Simão Dias, Itabaiana, and Nossa Senhora da Glória standing out for their high indices throughout the entire period. The analysis revealed a predominance of breeding sites classified as A2 (ground-level containers such as drums and water tanks), accounting for approximately 70% of the total in the second bimester, which was the most critical in terms of the number of breeding sites. Additionally, underreporting or non-implementation of LIRAa was observed in some municipalities during the first cycle, potentially compromising the effectiveness of control strategies. These findings underscore the importance of entomological surveillance to guide control actions, such as the mechanical elimination of breeding sites and the use of insecticides. They highlight the need to intensify efforts in municipalities with high indices to reduce the risk of arbovirus outbreaks.