Fitorremediação de poluentes xenobióticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13102/scb8096Resumo
Xenobióticos são substâncias químicas estranhas a um organismo ou sistema biológico. A presença de xenobióticos no solo afeta negativamente os ecossistemas havendo necessidade de técnicas para limpeza destas áreas. A fitorremediação é uma técnica que utiliza espécies de plantas e seus microrganismos associados para a degradação, contenção ou seqüestro de poluentes em lugares contaminados e tem adquirido popularidade devido ao seu baixo custo, à possibilidade de aplicação in situ e ao pequeno distúrbio causado na área. Os HPAs são os contaminantes orgânicos hidrofóbicos mais ubíquos na Terra. Embora ocorram naturalmente, os processos antropogênicos são considerados como sua maior fonte de origem no ambiente. Várias plantas, especialmente leguminosas, têm sido identificadas pelo seu potencial de facilitar, por diferentes mecanismos, a fitorremediação de sítios contaminados. As plantas normalmente metabolizam poluentes xenobióticos por uma seqüência de três passos: ativação/conversão de componentes xenobióticos lipofílicos, conjugação de xenobióticos metabolizados e compartimentalização do conjugado formado. Algumas espécies já foram identificadas como capazes de se desenvolverem em áreas impactadas e outras já foram aplicadas com sucesso no estudo e recuperação dessas áreas, no entanto, ainda há uma grande carência de informações sobre o assunto, especialmente no que diz respeito às espécies nativas do Brasil.
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