The use of Cactaceae by sertanejos in Bahia, Brazil. Connexive types to define utilitarian categories

Abstract

The use of cacti is one of the most important connections between humans and plants in the dryland region of Brazil, where they are used as food, medicines and in horticulture, amongst many other purposes. There is presently very little knowledge of this connection available in a systematic and synthetic form. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the literature by using a field study in five municipals in the state of Bahia: Valente, Queimadas, Santaluz, São Domingos and Canudos. Informal and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 32 local people. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The sample was defined after meeting the possible interviewees ad libitum, causing the increase of information to flow in a ‘snow-ball’ progression. This method allowed us to reach a level of exhaustive sampling through progressive inclusion of information. The cactus material collected was determined by specialists and detosited at HUEFS herbarium. The ten species identified as used locally by the ‘informants’ were determined as: Cereus jamacaru DC., Harrisia adscendens (Guerke) Britton & Rose, Melocactus salvadorensis Werdermann, Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawler) Haworth, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller Opuntia palmadora Britton & Rose, Pilosocereus catingicola (Guerke) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus gounellei (Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus tuberculatus (Werdermann) Byles & Rowley. The analysis of the diverse uses allowed us to include them in eight of the connective types proposed by Marques: ludic, medical, mystic, economic, esthetic, domestic, erotic and trophic. The medical and trophic connections can be subdivided into direct and indirect sub-types. The use categories with largest number of species were trophic indirect [N= 10] and direct [N= 6], and medical direct [N= 7]. Connections with strong, permanent status were present [e.g. use as hedges - connection of domestic type; as ornamental plants - connection of esthetic type; commercialization - economic connection; ‘white sorcery’ - mystic type; as medicine - medical type] as weak, residual ones [domestic connection related to manufacture of doors, windows and other parts of the house]. Some of the data obtained through this research agree with information found in literature, however, many of the uses registered here are original, and point towards new perspectives for the evaluation of the adaptations of the rural population in the Brazilian dryland.